The real cost of renting: What you fix, what your landlord fixes

Most landlords and tenants start a lease with the same expectation. The home should be clean, safe and in good working order on move-in day. It should also be returned in a similar condition when the lease ends. The problem is what happens in between. A lot of confusion still exists around who must fix what. That confusion leads to arguments, withheld deposits and sometimes legal disputes.

This guide breaks down the basics so both sides know where they stand.

Landlord responsibilities

Landlords must hand over a property that is fit to live in. It does not need to be new, but everything should work properly. That includes the electrical supply, plumbing, doors, windows, lighting, fitted appliances, ventilation systems and any other fixtures sold as part of the rental.

Once the tenant has moved in, the landlord still carries the responsibility for major repairs. These are usually the items that keep the property structurally sound and safe to occupy.

Common landlord obligations

• Structural repairs to walls, roofs and foundations
• Plumbing faults such as leaking pipes or faulty geysers
• Electrical faults such as broken circuits or unsafe wiring
• Window and door repairs
• Repairs to appliances provided with the rental if agreed in the lease

These items are not optional. They form part of the legal duty to keep the property habitable.

Tenant responsibilities

Tenant responsibilities differ from lease to lease. That is why they must be written out clearly in the rental agreement.

Tenants must take care of everyday upkeep. They must also repair damage caused by negligence or accidents. General wear and tear is not the same as damage. Landlords cannot charge tenants for items that simply reach the end of their lifespan.

Typical tenant obligations

• Keeping the home clean
• Routine garden or pool care if applicable
• Replacing broken lightbulbs or consumables
• Repairing accidental damage such as cracked tiles or broken windows
• Reporting faults early to prevent bigger issues

Wear and tear examples include fading paint, worn carpets, warping doors or ageing appliances. These are normal and must be budgeted for by the landlord.

Why communication matters

Clear communication avoids most disputes. A lease agreement should list every responsibility in plain language. Tenants should read those terms carefully before signing. Landlords should also make sure the rules match the law and are reasonable.

Incoming and outgoing inspections are critical. Without a detailed incoming report, a landlord cannot prove that damage occurred during the lease. Without an outgoing report signed by the tenant, disputes over deductions become difficult to resolve.

A professional rental agent can help manage these steps. They conduct inspections, record defects accurately and ensure that both parties follow the lease terms.

Common household issues that should never be ignored

Many maintenance problems start out small. If left too long, they turn into expensive repairs. The list below covers the issues that need quick attention.

Slow drips or leaks
Moisture on walls or ceilings usually points to a plumbing problem or roof leak. Fixing it quickly avoids structural damage and inflated water bills.

Roof problems
Roofs are constantly exposed to weather and debris. Even small cracks let water in. Damage worsens quickly so early repairs save money.

Clogged gutters
Gutters fill with leaves and dirt and stop water from flowing correctly. This causes overflow and roof leaks. Regular cleaning prevents most problems.

Electrical faults
Faulty wiring can damage appliances and pose a safety risk. This should never be delayed. Electrical repairs must be done by qualified professionals.

Damp spots
Damp spots may be a sign of leaking pipes or roof issues. If left untreated, damp spreads and weakens structures. Early diagnosis is essential.

Structural movement
Small cracks can be normal. Large or widening cracks suggest foundation issues. Sticking doors or uneven frames are also warning signs. A structural inspection may be needed.

Why regular maintenance matters

A small maintenance plan helps landlords control costs. Minor tasks done monthly, quarterly or annually prevent bigger issues later. This approach extends the lifespan of most features in the home and keeps tenants satisfied.

Landlords who maintain their properties well also protect long-term value. When they decide to sell, the home is market ready without a long list of repairs.

Tenants benefit too. Well-maintained homes are safer, more comfortable and easier to look after.

If you are looking for rental options or comparing properties in your area, browse listings on ImmoAfrica.net

Summary

Landlords must deliver and maintain a habitable home. Tenants must care for day-to-day upkeep and repair damage they cause. Wear and tear is normal and cannot be charged to tenants. Clear lease terms, detailed inspections and fast communication protect both sides and prevent unnecessary disputes. Regular maintenance keeps small issues from turning into expensive repairs and supports the long-term condition of the property.